GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL TRENDS IN LAGOMORPH MORTALITY REPORTS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE IN CALIFORNIA

Melinda R Houtman; Wildlife Health Laboratory, CA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife; melinda.houtman@wildlife.ca.gov; Deana Clifford, Jaime Rudd, Megan Moriarty, Beate Crossley

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus serotype-2 (RHDV2), the cause of a highly contagious and frequently fatal disease in lagomorphs, was first detected in the United States in March 2020. After a confirmed wild black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) RHDV2 mortality from Riverside County in May 2020, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife established a website for the public, wildlife rehabilitators, and biologists to report dead lagomorphs. For reports that raised suspicion of RHDV2, whenever feasible at least one carcass was tested for RHDV2 using RT-PCR. Herein we summarize the geographic, temporal, and species distribution of 1,074 mortality reports collected from May 2020 through September 2023 and examine which reports were more predictive of confirmed RHDV2 cases. Public reports of dead lagomorphs had a seasonal pattern: reports increased in spring, peaked in summer, then declined through fall and winter. The likelihood of an RHDV2 positive detection was highest after reports of 10 or more dead lagomorphs. Of tested animals, a higher proportion of black-tailed jackrabbits were positive for RHDV2 than desert cottontails (Sylvilagus audubonii). Public reporting of wildlife mortalities can be useful for disease detection and increasing public awareness of wildlife disease.

Poster Session