WHAT’S THAT SMELL? DETERMINING PD-INFECTION STATUS IN TRICOLORED BATS USING E-NOSE VOLATILE EMISSIONS ANALYSIS

Anna C Doty; California State University Sacramento; anna.doty@csus.edu; A. Dan Wilson, Lisa B. Forse, Thomas S. Risch

Electronic nose (e-nose) devices analyze volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures and may be used to determine the Pd-infection status of bats early in the hibernation period and prior to visible symptom development without the need for tactile captures or handling which disturb bats. An e-nose investigation of whole-body VOC emissions from Tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus), sampled noninvasively within 13 caves and 2 mines in Arkansas, showed that most tricolored bats are relatively disease free when first entering caves, but acquire Pd-infections over time, often leading to WNS disease development at variable rates prior to the exiting of surviving bats from caves in the Spring. Healthy bats exhibited significantly different E-nose smellprint signatures than Pd-infected bats, both prior to and following disease and associated WNS symptom development. These differences in VOC emissions were indicative of Pd-induced pathophysiological changes that occur in bat metabolic pathways associated with pathogenesis during the progression from healthy to early and late WNS disease states. The e-nose approach provides a new noninvasive tool for monitoring changes in bat physiological processes that occur from healthy to diseased states during winter hibernation periods, allowing for earlier confirmation of disease and treatment applications.

Natural History of Bats