WHAT’S THAT SMELL? DETERMINING PD-INFECTION STATUS IN TRICOLORED BATS USING E-NOSE VOLATILE EMISSIONS ANALYSIS | |||
Anna C Doty; California State University Sacramento; anna.doty@csus.edu; A. Dan Wilson, Lisa B. Forse, Thomas S. Risch | |||
Electronic nose (e-nose) devices analyze volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures and may be used to determine the Pd-infection status of bats early in the hibernation period and prior to visible symptom development without the need for tactile captures or handling which disturb bats. An e-nose investigation of whole-body VOC emissions from Tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus), sampled noninvasively within 13 caves and 2 mines in Arkansas, showed that most tricolored bats are relatively disease free when first entering caves, but acquire Pd-infections over time, often leading to WNS disease development at variable rates prior to the exiting of surviving bats from caves in the Spring. Healthy bats exhibited significantly different E-nose smellprint signatures than Pd-infected bats, both prior to and following disease and associated WNS symptom development. These differences in VOC emissions were indicative of Pd-induced pathophysiological changes that occur in bat metabolic pathways associated with pathogenesis during the progression from healthy to early and late WNS disease states. The e-nose approach provides a new noninvasive tool for monitoring changes in bat physiological processes that occur from healthy to diseased states during winter hibernation periods, allowing for earlier confirmation of disease and treatment applications. | |||
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