A NON-INVASIVE GENETIC METHOD TO SURVEY FOR NORTH AMERICAN PORCUPINES

Sean M Matthews; Oregon State University; sean.matthews@oregonstate.edu; David S. Green, Maire E. Martin, Ruth S. Mock, Cara L. Appel, Jennifer M. Allen, Taal Levi

Using non-invasive survey methods to detect the presence of wildlife are evolving at a rapid pace. For some species, a lack of verified survey methods can limit their conservation and management. A species for which few non-invasive techniques are currently available is the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum). Although distributed across North America, evidence suggests that porcupines have declined in the west. Porcupines occur at low densities and do not respond to many commonly used baits. Porcupines are seasonally deficient in sodium, and this trait may be useful for non-invasive surveys using sodium-soaked wood blocks and identifying porcupines by dentition patterns. The frequency of chewing on wood blocks by non-target species, however, increases our uncertainty in detecting porcupines. Thus, we conducted a pilot project to evaluate our ability to genetically identify porcupine from their saliva on salted wooden blocks. We collected swabs directly from the inner cheek as a control and swabs of wood blocks chewed on by a captive North American porcupine at the Sequoia Park Zoo. We detected porcupine DNA using DNA metabarcoding in all of our control and wood block samples. Future efforts should quantify how the degradation of DNA in the field will influence DNA analyses.

Poster Session