The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires lead agencies to incorporate into environmental documents feasible measures which could minimize significant adverse impacts. Other environmental laws, such as the federal and state endangered species acts and the Clean Water Act have similar requirements. Regardless of one’s role in project development, you will encounter mitigation measures, whether through drafting, implementing, or enforcing them. Effective mitigation is vital for minimizing environmental impacts, yet many projects struggle to turn well-intentioned plans into actionable and enforceable strategies. We will explore the common pitfalls that contribute to this disconnect, including vague language and unenforceable commitments. Through a review of CEQA’s requirements and best practices, we will highlight essential elements for bridging this gap, such as clarity, feasibility, and adaptability of measures. Our discussion will emphasize the importance of integrating scientific evidence and collaborative input to enhance practical implementation. Attendees will leave with valuable insights and actionable strategies to ensure that mitigation measures not only comply with CEQA requirements but also effectively protect environmental resources throughout the project lifecycle.