Predation levels above evolutionary baselines threatens many at-risk prey species in southwestern ecosystems, often the result of introduced or subsidized predators that thrive on human-altered landscapes (e.g., crops, garbage, irrigation). Predation pressure depends not only on predator abundance but also prey vulnerability, which is governed by prey behavior and landscape features. Predator control strategies, often lethal, constitute the typical conservation intervention, whereas strategies to reduce prey vulnerability are less common. Here, we review approaches for managing prey vulnerability using case studies from multiple recovery programs. In desert tortoises, microhabitat features such as refuges, camouflage and vegetation can enhance juvenile survival and reduce predation. Nest exclosures have reduced egg predation in western snowy plovers, and habitat enhancements (woody debris, oyster shells, and low vegetation cover) govern nest-site selection and predation risk in California least terns. In translocation of kangaroo rats, placing top predator scent at the release site improved post-release survival. Finally, for conservation breeding programs, such as the mountain yellow-legged frog program, pre-release antipredator training can increase post-release survival. Overall, interventions reducing prey vulnerability—including behavioral training, habitat modification, strategic site selection and mechanical exclusion—offer promising, non-lethal tools to improve recovery outcomes for threatened and endangered species.