96 SNP PANEL FOR GENETIC IDENTIFICATION, SEX ASSIGNMENT, AND ESTIMATING RELATEDNESS AMONG BLACK BEARS (URSUS AMERICANUS) FROM NONINVASIVE SAMPLES | |||
| Kristen D Ahrens; California Department of Fish and Wildlife; kristen.ahrens@wildlife.ca.gov; Samantha L. R. Capel, Alicia E. Kubicki, Michael R. Buchalski | |||
The black bear (Ursus americanus) is a common carnivore and species of management focus in California given its harvest and broad distribution. To support demographic modeling, noninvasive hair and fecal genotyping provides a cost-effective alternative or complement to live capture and telemetry approaches. We developed and validated a genotyping panel of 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for California black bears to enable individual identification, sex determination, and relatedness estimation from noninvasive samples. SNPs were discovered from the California Conservation Genomics Project statewide genomic dataset. The panel was tested using 59 individuals with paired tissue and noninvasive samples (feces or hair) to evaluate amplification success and genotype concordance. Pairwise comparisons indicated both amplification rate and genotype concordance exceeded 90%. The panel reliably amplified low-template DNA from as few as 1–3 hair follicles, both from DNA extracts or by direct amplification of hair in PCR reactions. Sex-identification markers correctly classified >95% of individuals of known sex. Relatedness estimates using 90 versus 500, 1000, and5000 SNPs were correlated (r = 0.58–0.67), demonstrating the panel retains sufficient resolution to distinguish close kin from unrelated individuals. This validated tool will support statewide monitoring of California black bears and modeling estimates of population density. | |||
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