GRASSHOPPER ABUNDANCE AND BNLL ACTIVITY | |||
| Emily E Bergman; Fresno Chaffee Zoo; EBergman@fresnochaffeezoo.org; Steven Hromada, Ranae Sullivan, Michael Westphal, Rory Telemeco | |||
Grasshoppers are common prey for endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizards (Gambelia sila; BNLL). Fresno Chaffee Zoo began annually releasing and monitoring captive-reared BNLL at Panoche Plateau in 2023. In recent years, the San Joaquin Desert experienced variable rainfall ranging from extreme drought to abundant rainfall. Dense invasive grass cover from a recent high-rainfall year (2023) hindered the success of repatriated BNLL and presumably affected grasshopper densities. To control invasive grass, we grazed four plots (2-ha each) with sheep in spring of 2025 and protected 4 additional control plots. To understand the effects of grazing treatment and invasive grass cover on the prey base for BNLL, we conducted monthly grasshopper surveys beginning in July of 2025 using USDA protocols across grazed and ungrazed plots. Despite observing abundant grasshoppers in previous years, no grasshoppers were observed in any survey (July – September 2025). Monitored adult wild-born lizards, normally active from March-July were not surface-active past May and reemerged in September, and we detected no hatchlings despite focused surveys. Moreover, captured lizards did not display sign of grasshopper consumption. These observations suggest that prey abundance was abnormally low in 2025 contributing to reduced activity and reproduction in BNLL regardless of grazing treatment. | |||
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